What is the term for medications that are administered through routes other than the intestines, such as IV or IM?

The term that describes medications administered through routes other than the intestines, such as intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM), is "parenteral." This term is derived from the Greek word "para" meaning "besides" or "beyond," and "enteron," which refers to the intestines. Parenteral administration allows for direct delivery of the medication into the bloodstream or muscle tissue, providing rapid effects and higher bioavailability compared to enteral routes.

In contrast, enteral medications are those that are administered via the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally or rectally. Topical medications are applied directly to a particular area of the skin or mucous membrane, and oral medications are specifically taken by mouth. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in pharmacy practice, as the route of administration can significantly influence the efficacy and onset of action of a medication.